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either-or theorem

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  • Theorem — The Pythagorean theorem has at least 370 known proofs[1] In mathematics, a theorem is a statement that has been proven on the basis of previously established statements, such as other theorems, and previously accepted statements …   Wikipedia

  • Theorem on friends and strangers — All the 78 possible friends strangers graphs with 6 nodes. For each graph the red/blue nodesshows a sample triplet of mutual friends/strangers.The friendship theorem is a mathematical theorem in an area of mathematics called Ramsey… …   Wikipedia

  • Original proof of Gödel's completeness theorem — The proof of Gödel s completeness theorem given by Kurt Gödel in his doctoral dissertation of 1929 (and a rewritten version of the dissertation, published as an article in 1930) is not easy to read today; it uses concepts and formalism that are… …   Wikipedia

  • Bell's theorem — is a theorem that shows that the predictions of quantum mechanics (QM) are not intuitive, and touches upon fundamental philosophical issues that relate to modern physics. It is the most famous legacy of the late physicist John S. Bell. Bell s… …   Wikipedia

  • Ramsey's theorem — This article goes into technical details quite quickly. For a slightly gentler introduction see Ramsey theory. In combinatorics, Ramsey s theorem states that in any colouring of the edges of a sufficiently large complete graph (that is, a simple… …   Wikipedia

  • Arrow's impossibility theorem — In social choice theory, Arrow’s impossibility theorem, the General Possibility Theorem, or Arrow’s paradox, states that, when voters have three or more distinct alternatives (options), no voting system can convert the ranked preferences of… …   Wikipedia

  • Fundamental theorem of algebra — In mathematics, the fundamental theorem of algebra states that every non constant single variable polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root. Equivalently, the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed.Sometimes,… …   Wikipedia

  • Ham sandwich theorem — In measure theory, a branch of mathematics, the ham sandwich theorem, also called the Stone–Tukey theorem after Arthur H. Stone and John Tukey, states that given n objects in n dimensional space, it is possible to divide all of them in half… …   Wikipedia

  • Proof sketch for Gödel's first incompleteness theorem — This article gives a sketch of a proof of Gödel s first incompleteness theorem. This theorem applies to any formal theory that satisfies certain technical hypotheses which are discussed as needed during the sketch. We will assume for the… …   Wikipedia

  • Erdős–Szekeres theorem — In mathematics, the Erdős–Szekeres theorem is a finitary result, which makes precise one of the corollaries of Ramsey s theorem. While Ramsey s theorem makes it easy to prove that any sequence of distinct real numbers contains either a… …   Wikipedia

  • Van der Waerden's theorem — is a theorem of the branch of mathematics called Ramsey theory. The theorem is about the basic structure of the integers. It is named for Dutch mathematician B. L. van der Waerden. [B.L. van der Waerden, Beweis einer Baudetschen Vermutung , Nieuw …   Wikipedia

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